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By Ms. Lou Carver |
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 There has never been a more sophisticated and dominating hat in fashion than top hats. When the first top hat was worn by the haberdasher John Hetherington in 1797, it caused a near riot. According to a newspaper account, “passersby panicked at the sight. Several women fainted, children screamed, dogs yelped, and an errand boy’s arm was broken when he was trampled by the mob.” So Hetherington was taken to court for wearing “a tall structure having a shining luster calculated to frighten timid people.” |
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| What Hetherington designed was a modified riding hat of the day, widening the brim and lengthening the top area. In 1823, Antoine Gibus came along and modified it even more to a collapsible opera hat; which made traveling with it much easier and during the opera could be stored flat, under the seat. It was not until 1850 that the hat really took off when Prince Albert starting wearing it in public and it became the fashion rage. The hat was really making a statement, not merely being worn as part of a costume. Gentlemen were simply saying they were important and classy. |
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| Image: Library of Congress LC-USZC4-6547 |
Image: Library of Congress LC-DIG-cwpbh-01604 |
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Felted beaver skin was the preferred material for top hats because of its water proof properties. Because of the high demand for beaver fashion (men’s coats were also popular), it practically wiped out the beaver in America by 1900.
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Image: Library of Congress LC-DIG-cwpb-02019 |
By 1900 top hats were made with silk and worn only for special occasions, such as weddings and dances, as we commonly see it worn today. However, there was a great top hats resurgence in the 1930s when Fred Astaire, Gary Cooper, Marlene Dietrich and others, brought it back in favor with motion pictures. Every affluent American had a top hat and black tie and tail. Even the French and English rallied to wearing top hats again, after watching Astaire’s movies. |
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Image: Library of Congress LC-DIG-ggbain-05412 |
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You may have seen vintage pictures with women wearing top hats. But those top hats are usually riding hats which the original top hat was styled from. You may be familiar with the picture of Spokane’s own May Hutton wearing a top hat in the early 1900s where she is dressed as a man and ready for a costume party. |
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Image: Library of Congress LC-USZ62-116378 |
From 1850 to 1900, men wore top hats for business, pleasure and formal occasions—pearl gray for daytime, black for day or night—making its wearer feel taller, handsomer and suave. If men did not don a top hat you can bet they had some style of hat on—it was a demanded fashion. Men, rich or poor, would not be caught dead without a hat on. Even into the 1960s, men still wore hats for every outdoor excursion, just as women did, which is a whole other story to be explored at a later date by this author. |
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 One of the Smithsonian Institution's most treasured icons is Abraham Lincoln’s silk stove pipe top hat, worn to Ford's Theatre on the night of his assassination in 1865. As a lawyer, he was known to tuck important papers, court notes, and contracts in his tall, worn top hat.
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Louis Comte, a French magician in 1814, was the first to use the top hat to conjure up a white rabbit.
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 President Richard M. Nixon was the last President to be inaugurated wearing a top hat, and a hat of any kind.
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A gray topper is still worn in England for Ascot Week at the horse track.
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 J.P. Morgan ordered his limousine in the early 1900s with an especially high roof so he could ride around without taking his hat off.
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The nick name “high hat” designated arrogance and snobbishness.
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 Fred Astaire made over a dozen movies wearing a top hat, notably the 1935 “Top Hat” with Ginger Rogers.
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For refined, self-assurance, men would wear top hats tilted at a 10 degree angle, no more, no less.
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 Our very own Uncle Sam wears a top hat.
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Rock star, Alice Cooper was known for his signature top hat in My Nightmare phase.
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 Monopoly used a top hat token as one of its original game board pieces.
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The Penguin, one of Batman’s enemies wore a top hat.
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 The "Mad Hatter" in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland wore a top hat.
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Harpo Marx wouldn’t be seen without his top hat.
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 And of course, Dr. Seuss’s Cat in the Hat brought mischief to two lonely children with his top hat.
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About the Author:
Mistress Lou Carver is a Spokane living history presenter. You can contact her at 509-327-3726 for more information about her one-hour Spokane Falls history presentations. |
BRINGING 1880-1920
SPOKANE HISTORY TO LIFE
FOR AGES 9-99
Mistress Carver, presenter
ARTIFACTS, MUSIC, COSTUMES, PHOTOS
509-327-3726 * Spokane, WA
1 Hour Presentation - $60
LouCarver@comcast.net |
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